Mining Asteroids in Starfield is actually incredibly simple. However, a large portion of players weren't even aware they could even mine in space in the first place. This is absolutely fair, as the game doesn't really let the player know that they can do this, and most just discover this feature accidentally by blowing up an asteroid in the middle of a heated space battle and then looting it afterward.
Starfield: How To Mine Asteroids
Mining Asteroids is another one of those hyperspecific features in Starfield that players had no idea even existed. Here's how the process works.