There are many different weapons systems in Starfield, ranging from simple but effective ballistic cannons to advanced particle beams that can shred through all sorts of defenses. Pilots need to have a certain level of finesse to use these weapons properly, but there is a way to get some sort of automation going when it comes to ship combat.
Starfield: How to Use Ship Turrets
Turrets can help ease some micromanagement in Starfield's ship combat, but they can be a bit cumbersome and tricky to use reliably.